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2024-10-11
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Mulumebet Worku
North Carolina A&T State University, United States
ISSN
2661-4057 (Online)
Publication Frequency
Annual
About the Publisher
Universe Scientific Publishing (USP) was established with the aim of providing a publishing platform for all scholars and researchers around the world. With this aim in mind, USP began building up its base of journals in various fields since its establishment.
Volume Arrangement
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Featured Articles
Accurate counting information is important for crop yield and quality. Obtaining yield estimation of Chinese Yam is critical to improving productivity. Referring to the method of counting pedestrian flow in surveillance video and its accuracy, a method for counting the number of Chinese Yams harvested in the field is proposed by improving YOLOv5s detection combined with Deep-SORT tracking. In order to improve the recognition effect of the detector, the attention module CBAM is fused with the Neck part of the YOLOv5s network to improve the feature extraction ability of the network; CIoU Loss is used instead of GIoU Loss as the target bounding box regression loss function to speed up the bounding box regression rate while improving positioning Accuracy; use DIoU-NMS to replace NMS to improve the missed detection problem when the target is crowded.Adjust the structure of the Deep SORT appearance feature extraction network and retrain on the yam re-identification dataset to reduce the identity switching caused by target occlusion. Connect the improved YOLOv5s detector and Deep SORT, and set a virtual detection line in the video to count the number of yams.The experimental results show that the number of yams can be counted more accurately. Compared with the original algorithm, the improved YOLOv5s has an average accuracy rate of 2.1 percentage points. Combined with Deep-SORT tracking, the counting statistics accuracy rate reaches 92.7%.
The most common method used for collection of mahua flowers by burning the undergrowth under mahua trees which often caused forest fire and loss or flora and fauna of nature. The comparative analysis of traditional flower collection vis-a-vis net collection was analyzed during the research. The most significant benefits were on prices, time reduction and quality of products. These benefits will encourage the adoption of this technique by forest dwelling communities for mahua collection. The net collected flowers sold at 110 to 120 ₹ compared with 25–30 ₹ with traditional collection (p < 5 ₹). The time and manpower reduced by 80% (p < 1%) in net collection. Total 87.95 K MT mahua exported from India with value of 70.01 million USD in FY 2022. India rank 7th in global export of Mahua in 2022. Nearly 75% of entire tribal household in the country are involved in the collection of mahua flower which will contributes up to 30% of their annual cash income. To handle mahua around 11 lakh peoples are directly involved and 20 to 25 lakh peoples indirectly involved. To produce liquid >90% mahua utilized in India. During this research post-harvest unit operations also standardized. New food product like syrup, cookies, jam, spread, jelly, gummies, energy drink, beverages, hard-boiled candies development were done, and stabilities were conducted with utilization of 10% to 60% mahua.
Description
Probe - Plant & Animal Sciences (ISSN: 2661-4057) is an online double-blind peer reviewed, open access journal dedicated to advancing knowledge in the fields of plant and animal biology.
The journal is committed to maintaining high standards of quality and rigor, contributing to the global understanding of biodiversity and sustainable practices in conservation.
The journal publishes original research articles, reviews, and short communications that explore the latest developments in plant and animal sciences, including but not limited to ecology, genetics, physiology, and biotechnology.
Articles
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Open AccessArticle
Article ID: 2268
Bioconversion of peanut hulls into digestible and nutritive ruminant feedby Yasir Ali, Mussayyab Khan, Ariba Fatima, Ruqaya Quyoom
Probe - Plant & Animal Sciences, Vol.7, No.1, 2025;144 Views, 0 PDF Downloads
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of four lignin-degrading fungal species to breakdown lignin to improve the nutritional value and enhance the rumen degradability of low-quality roughage such as peanut hulls. The substrate was incubated with Agaricus bisporus , Pleurotus ostreatus, Calocybe indica, Pleurotus djamor for 56 days under solid state conditions (humidity, 70% ± 5%, temperature, 22 ℃ ± 5 ℃). The chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the substrates were measured at various fungal incubation periods. Fungal incubation significantly ( P < 0.05) increased crude protein (CP), ash content, and IVDMD while decreasing dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and lignin in all substrates. There was a consistent increase in the content of CP with the increasing incubation length. At the end of 56 days incubation period, the content (g/kg DM) of CP increased from 3.80 to 6.53 in peanut hulls treated by Calocybe indica ; from 3.98 to 6.53 by Agaricus bisporus ; from 3.99 to 6.00 by Pleurotus ostreatus and from 3.89 to 6.08 by Pleurotus djamor. The content (g/kg DM) of NDF reduced from 88.7 to 75.6 by Agaricus bisporus ; 84.97 to 72.43 by Pleurotus ostreatus ; 85.0 to 72.30 by Calocybe indica ; and 85.5 to 70.93 by Pleurotus djamor . Incubation with fungal species resulted in a large decline in the content of lignin in SCB. Overall, the lignin content (g/kg DM) was reduced from 21.9 to 13.1 by Agaricus bisporus ; 22.0 to 13.5 by Calocybe indica ; 22.2 to 12.9 by Pleurotus ostreatus and from 21.87 to 14.46 by Pleurotus djamor . The content of IVDMD ( P < 0.05) increased with the fungal incubation in SCB. The content of IVDMD (g/kg) increased from 30.67 to 47.9 by Agaricus bisporus ; 32.3 to 47.67 by Pleurotus ostreatus ; 32.37 to 47.9 by Calocybe indica ; and 32.97 to 48.16 by Pleurotus djamor after 56 days of incubation period. These changes in CP, lignin, NDF and IVDMD demonstrate that Calocybe indica has a higher capability of improving the digestibility for ruminants than Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus djamor . Overall, the study demonstrated that solid-state fermentation of peanut hulls with lignin-degrading fungi significantly improves their nutritional quality by reducing lignin content and increasing CP and IVDMD.
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Review
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Open Access
Article
Article ID: 2301
Emerging medical uses of the giant African land snail: A reviewby Elijah I. Ohimain, Ebisomu C. Agedah, Rosemary B. Ukoroije, Desmond Eteh
Probe - Plant & Animal Sciences, Vol.7, No.1, 2025;31 Views, 0 PDF Downloads
The giant African land snail (GALS) also known as Achatinid snails, comprises diverse species of terrestrial snails of which the most commonly consumed in West and Central Africa are Achatina achatina , Achatina fulica (recently renamed as Lissachatina fulica ), and Archachatina marginata . These snails have been consumed in their native African range for centuries. However, within the past 200 years, A. fulica were introduced into other countries in the tropical world, where they evolved into intractable pests. Physical, chemical and biological control measures have been partially successful in some few countries with frequent instances of resurgences. Hence, the tropical world outside Africa is at loss on how best to manage the snail. In this review, we presented bioactive substances that have been detected in the snail, which have renewed scientific interest in their applications. Important bioactive substances that have been detected in various body parts of the snail, especially the mucus, include proteoglycans, specifically mucopolysaccharides, amino acids, peptides and proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals, especially bio-calcium. Emerging applications of the bioactive substances in the snail have been reported in the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. The annual global market for snail mucus has grown tremendously reaching $1.2 billion in 2025. It is therefore suggested that the sustainable use of natural resources like GALS can balance diverse interests, create ecological balance, conserve nature, create economic benefits with the potential for controlling the pestiferous snail sustainably.
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Open Access
Article
Article ID: 2266
Plant science: Pioneering sustainable solutions for global challengesby Mohammad Bellal Hoque, Tanzim Hossain Oyshi, Md. Abdul Hannan, Papia Haque, Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Mohammed Abdul Jalil
Probe - Plant & Animal Sciences, Vol.7, No.1, 2025;64 Views, 0 PDF Downloads
Plant science, a field that includes several disciplines, is vital for confronting global issues such as food safety, climate change, and the preservation of biodiversity. Plants serve as the cornerstone of terrestrial existence by governing ecosystems, producing food, and conserving carbon. The expanding worldwide population and global warming have increased the demand for sustainable farming techniques and adaptable crop varieties. Developments in plant physiological science, inheritance, and breeding, such as photosynthesis optimization and genomic selection, are changing agriculture. For instance, photosynthetic efficiency improvements have led to crop yield increases by up to 20% in wheat and rice varieties. Sustainable actions, such as agricultural ecology and precision agriculture, strike an equilibrium between profitability and the welfare of the environment. Additionally, the biological relationships between soil ecosystems, plants, and animals emphasize the significance of biodiversity to the longevity of ecosystems. These biological cycles have been disturbed by human activities, such as agriculture and deforestation, underscoring the necessity of conservation measures. Future developments in digital agriculture, climate-adaptable crops, and genetic modification will be essential for producing food in an environmentally friendly way. For example, CRISPR-based modifications have improved drought tolerance in maize, reducing water usage by 30%. This review emphasizes plant science’s essential function in ensuring a sustainable future for both ecological and agricultural systems, which is fueled by technology breakthroughs and sustainable practices.
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