Plant science: Pioneering sustainable solutions for global challenges
Abstract
Plant science, a field that includes several disciplines, is vital for confronting global issues such as food safety, climate change, and the preservation of biodiversity. Plants serve as the cornerstone of terrestrial existence by governing ecosystems, producing food, and conserving carbon. The expanding worldwide population and global warming have increased the demand for sustainable farming techniques and adaptable crop varieties. Developments in plant physiological science, inheritance, and breeding, such as photosynthesis optimization and genomic selection, are changing agriculture. For instance, photosynthetic efficiency improvements have led to crop yield increases by up to 20% in wheat and rice varieties. Sustainable actions, such as agricultural ecology and precision agriculture, strike an equilibrium between profitability and the welfare of the environment. Additionally, the biological relationships between soil ecosystems, plants, and animals emphasize the significance of biodiversity to the longevity of ecosystems. These biological cycles have been disturbed by human activities, such as agriculture and deforestation, underscoring the necessity of conservation measures. Future developments in digital agriculture, climate-adaptable crops, and genetic modification will be essential for producing food in an environmentally friendly way. For example, CRISPR-based modifications have improved drought tolerance in maize, reducing water usage by 30%. This review emphasizes plant science’s essential function in ensuring a sustainable future for both ecological and agricultural systems, which is fueled by technology breakthroughs and sustainable practices.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18686/ppas2266
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