Calcium signaling: Unveiling its role in disease control in plants

Muhammad Rizwan Hamid, Shahzeen Kanwal Maria

Abstract


Calcium signaling is a fundamental regulatory mechanism in plants, governing a myriad of physiological processes crucial for growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli, including biotic stresses such as pathogen attack. Over the past decades, research into the intricate network of calcium signaling pathways has revealed its pivotal role in orchestrating plant defense mechanisms against a diverse array of pathogens. This review comprehensively examines the multifaceted roles of calcium ions in modulating plant immune responses, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying calcium-mediated signal transduction and its integration with other defense signaling pathways. We delve into the intricate crosstalk between calcium signaling and various hormonal pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, highlighting the interconnectedness of these regulatory networks in shaping plant defense strategies. Furthermore, we explore the potential applications of calcium-based strategies for sustainable disease management in agriculture, including the use of calcium channel blockers, calcium chelators, and calcium-rich compounds as novel antimicrobial agents and priming agents for enhancing plant immunity. Challenges and future directions in the field are also discussed, aiming to advance our understanding of calcium signaling in plant-pathogen interactions and harness its potential for developing innovative approaches to combat plant diseases and ensure global food security. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding calcium signaling in plant disease control, offering valuable insights and perspectives for future research endeavors in this rapidly evolving field.


Keywords


calcium signaling; plant defense; pathogen attack; immune responses; signal transduction; hormonal pathways; reactive oxygen species (ROS); secondary metabolites; disease management; antimicrobial agents; priming agents; sustainable agriculture; plant-pat

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18686/ppas.v6i1.2219

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