A Study of Monopile with Super Large Diameter in Layered Soils

Zhen Huang, Meng Jiang

Abstract


With the development of ocean engineering, monopiles with a large diameter foundation have gradually replaced those with small diameter and been applied to more and more ocean structures. The responses of monopiles with small diameter under wind, wave, current and seismic loads have been extensively studied. However, not too much work on large-diameter monopile (>9 m) has been carried out. In this study, finite element method (FEM) is adopted to study a monopile with a diameter of 9 m, and the mechanical responses is presented. Besides the P-Y curves calculated by different ways are compared. It shows that the API specification is more conservative than the results from FEM, which indicates that the performance of the structure can be used more completely. Large deformation and stress zones are generated around the piles, and the soil rotates around the bottom of the pile.

Keywords


Super Large Diameter Monopile; Lateral Load; P-Y Curve; FEM Analysis; ABAQUS

Full Text:

PDF

Included Database


References


Kuo, Y.S.; Achmus, M.; Abdel-Rahman, K. Minimum embedded length of cyclic horizontally loaded monopiles. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2012, 138, 357-363.

Alhamaydeh, M.; Barakat, S.; Nassif, O. Optimization of support structures for offshore wind turbines using genetic algorithms with domain-trimming. Math Probl Eng 2017, 2017, 5978375.

Wang, P.; Zhao, M.; Du, X.; Liu, J.;Xu, C. Wind, wave and earthquake responses of offshore wind turbine on monopile foundation in clay. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 2018, 113, 47-57.

Zheng, X.Y.; Li, H.B.; Rong, W.D.; Li, W. Joint earthquake and wave action on the monopile wind turbine foundation: An experimental study. Mar Struct 2015, 44, 125-141.

Chen, W.Y.; Huang, L.C.; Xu, L.Y.; Zhao, K.; Wang, Z.C.; Jeng, D.S. Numerical study on the frequency response of offshore monopile foundation to seismic excitation. Comput Geotech 2021, 138, 104342.

Caglar, E.; Geoffrey, S. Conceptual sacrificial anode cathodic protection design for offshore wind monopiles. Ocean Eng 2021, 235, 109339.

Klar, A.; Osman, A. S. Load-displacement solutions for piles and shallow foundations based on deformation fields and energy conservation. Geotechnique 2008, 58, 581-589.

Jonkman, J.; Bir, G. Modal dynamics of large wind turbines with different support structure. 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Estoril, Portugal, 15-20 June 2008.

API. American Petroleum Institute. Recommended Practice for Planning, Design and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms - Working Stress Design. Washington D.C. API Publishing Services.2014

Poulos, H. G. Behavior of laterally loaded piles: I - Single pile. ASCE Soil Mechanics Foundation Division Journal 1971, 97, 711-731.

Zhang, J.W.; Liu, H.L.; Dai, Z.H. Study of p-y curve method for computing laterally loaded piles under horizontally distributed loads. Rock Soil Mech 2008, 29, 3370-3374.

Kourkoulis, R.S.; Lekkakis, P.C.; Gelagoti, F.M.; Kaynia, A.M. Suction caisson foundations for offshore wind turbines subjected to wave and earthquake loading: effect of soil–foundation interface. Geotechnique 2014, 64, 171-185.

Cao, G.; Chen, Z.; Wang, C.;Ding, X. Dynamic responses of offshore wind turbine considering soil nonlinearity and wind-wave load combinations. Ocean Eng 2020, 217, 108-155.

Brinkgreve, R.; Engin, E.;Harun Kürat, E. Validation of empirical formulas to derive model parameters for sands. 7th NUMGE, Trondheim, Norway, 3 June 2010.

Zhang, Y.H.;Andersen, K H. Soil reaction curves for monopiles in clay. Mar Struct 2019, 65, 94-113.

Liu, H.J.; Yin, Y.J.;Chang, J.Q. Study of pile-soil interaction of offshore monopile single pile foundation under horizontal load. Periodical of Ocean University of China 2016, 46, 113-120.

Bouzid, D. A. Numerical investigation of large-diameter monopiles in sands: Critical Review and Evaluation of Both API and Newly Proposed p-y Curves. Int J Geomech 2018, 18, 04018441.

Budhu, M.; Davis, T. G. Analysis of laterally loaded piles in soft clays. J Geotech Eng 1988, 114, 21-39.

Thieken et al. Evaluation of p-y approaches for large-diameter monopiles in sand. Int J Offshore Polar Eng 2015, 25, 134-144.

Klaus, T.; Martin, A.; Kirill Alexander, S. On the ultimate limit state design proof for laterally loaded piles. Geotechnik 2014, 37, 19-31.

Negro, V.; López-Gutiérrez, J.; Esteban, M.; Alberdi, P.; Imaz, M.; Serraclara, J.M. Monopiles in offshore wind: Preliminary estimate of main dimensions. Ocean Eng 2017, 133, 253-261.

Zhu, B.T.; Li, W.C.; Yang, M. Static response of monopile to lateral load in overconsolidated dense sand. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 2017, 143, 1-12.

Luo, R.P.; Yang, M.; L, W.C. Numerical study of diameter effect on accumulated deformation of laterally loaded monopiles in sand. Eur J Environ Civ Eng 2020, 24, 2240-2452.

Lesny, K.; Wiemann, J. Finite-element-modelling of large diameter monopiles for offshore wind energy converters. American Society of Civil Engineers GeoCongress, Atlanta, United States, 26 Feb-1 Mar 2006.

Byrne, B. PISA: New design methods for offshore wind turbine monopiles. Offshore Site Investigation Geotechnics 8th International Conference Proceeding 2017,142-161.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18686/pes.v3i2.1426

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.